The Speech Of Steve Jobs - 1050 Words

Speeches come in all shapes and sizes, some fantastic, some horrible, some motivational and some inspirational. The one detail I can tell you there is always a few that will linger and stick around in your head. These speeches go through history as being remembered and studied for decades. A few that come to mind happen to be â€Å"I have a dream† by Martin Luther King, â€Å"Never give up†¦Don’t ever give up,† by Jimmy Valvano and â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love,† by Steve Jobs. Each and every one of these speeches was written by men who were challenged to make difficult decisions in their lives which would inadvertently affect their future in one way or another. The most current speech of the four is Steve Jobs’ â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love.† His speech targets college graduates of the 21st century. After I read Steve Jobs’ speech, I understood the power of his words. At the beginning, he stated that he, unlike the graduates, never graduated from college; he dropped out after 6 months. Additionally, he reveals information about himself throughout the speech, such as being adopted, and the fascination for calligraphy. At the age of 20, Steve and a friend created Apple, a computer company in his parent s garage, later to be fired from his own company. But of course that did not stop Jobs; he ended up creating two more companies called NeXT and Pixar. Presumably, the scariest time in his life started when he was diagnosed with an incurable pancreatic cancerShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs Speech Draft : Steve Job944 Words   |  4 PagesSteve Jobs Speech Draft Steve Job’s was one of the most successful men in the world. He accomplished many things in his life before he lost his bout with cancer. Jobs, ironically himself a college dropout, presented the 2005 commencement speech at Stanford University that was both inspiring and gave people a look into how he became the man that he was. I believe Steve Jobs speech is somewhat awkward due to his audience, utilizes the art of storytelling to engage his audience, and utilizes hisRead MoreThe Speech Of Steve Jobs1035 Words   |  5 Pagesby Jimmy Valvano and â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love,† by Steve Jobs. Each and every one of these speeches was written by men who were challenged to make difficult decisions in their lives which would inadvertently affect their future in one way or another. The most current speech of the four is Steve Jobs’ â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love.† His speech targets college graduates of the 21st century. After I read Steve Jobs’ speech, I understood the power of his words. At the beginning, heRead MoreSteve Jobs Tribute Speech1556 Words   |  7 Pagesgadgets and computers. That man is Steve Jobs. †¢ CEO of Apple †¢ Bad health o Everyone knew that the time would eventually come, but no one could have predicted that it’d happen so soon. ââ€" ª On October 5th, 2011: Steve Jobs, our generations hero of the technology industry, died. Going to share his journey, because we can all learn something from it. Plot: In 1955, a child that was going to change the world was born †¢ Steve Jobs’ biological mother was very youngRead MorePersuasive Speech : Steve Jobs1380 Words   |  6 PagesClever Title Steve Jobs, the creator of Apple, Pixar, and NeXT says, â€Å"The only way to do great work is to love what you do† during the June 12, 2005, Stanford University commencement address. Jobs gives a speech about his life and the hardships he experienced to further motivate the college graduates to reach their dreams by doing what they love and to succeed even as they get knocked down. Jobs tells the audience. â€Å"Your time is limited,† meaning that, when doing something they love, they must keepRead MoreTribute Speech to Steve Jobs2556 Words   |  11 PagesTribute Speech to Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was like the Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell and the Albert Einstein of our time.   He not only innovated personal computing, but personal media and communication, iTunes which became one of the most popular music and video retailers and Pixar which was one of his side projects had become one of the greatest animation digital movie creators and software. But all that is a just part of the list of his legacy, because in the end he still left behind AppleRead MoreAnalysis Of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech859 Words   |  4 PagesSteve Jobs Commencement Address If Steve Jobs can find success in the world without a college degree then surely these college graduates have a better chance than he did. Seven years ago the world witnessed the death of one of the greatest inventors and business men of this age. He started multiple companies including Pixar, NeXT and Apple. He revolutionized personal and cell phones to what is now used. Jobs was asked to give the commencement speech at Stanford University. In the speech he usesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Speech735 Words   |  3 Pages Steve Jobs, a businessman in Silicon Valley, gave the Stanford Commencement Address in 2005. Rhetorical tools are used to persuade the audience. Ethos deals with the speakers credibility, Pathos appeals to emotion and Logos appeals to logic. Steve Jobs’ successfully used the rhetorical tools Ethos, Pathos, and Logos throughout his speech. Within Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address, the rhetorical tool Ethos is used. Jobs began by saying, â€Å"I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Speech848 Words   |  4 Pagesmany inspirational speeches have been remembered, because of how they connect with the audience. Steve Job’s speech during the Stanford’s graduation was inspiring to many of the college graduates. Many people think in order to be successful a college degree is mandatory. Even if they do not like what they are doing. People should love what they do, and should not follow dogma. With his speech, Steve Job’s convinced the multicultural population at Stanford University to be prominent and to pursueRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Speech1208 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective on whether to listen or not? Yes. This man, Steve Jobs, a college dropout, someone who didn’t even have enough for food stood before th e students of Stanford College; graduating class of 2005. Words are just words if not spoken in a correct manner. What a person speaks with passion is what moves an audience. Throughout time, speeches have been remembered because of how they connected with their audiences: â€Å"If the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led, likeRead MoreSteve Jobs Commencement Speech Analysis1111 Words   |  5 Pagescompany in the world today, was founded in Silicon Valley in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. In 2005, Steve Jobs gave the commencement speech to the graduating class of Stanford. In his speech, Jobs’ speech uses emotion and his ethos in his life story to connect to the students, parents, and family members to tell them that you should never stop pursuing your dreams, no matter the circumstances. Jobs begins his speech telling the listeners that â€Å"I never graduated from college. Truth be

Tips For Employees Benefits From The Taking Working Shifts

Tipping may be considered supporting employees benefits from the taking working shifts. Letting those know there is a tip from the customer, they may realize the service was superb. The advantages from working hard can encourage the employee keep on making services excellent and hope that the extra bills are present. Tipping should be a choice for those who voluntarily would give a helping hand for the employees hard work in seductive ways of practical services, living on the decent amount of wages, and the incentive to be entrepreneurial. Anyone who has decent customer service can work at that basics, but the challenge is challenging for the ones who serve with an exquisite taste of delivering the customer wants at everyday shift. I was at the a diner the other day until recently a young fellow was determined to gain a tip. I thought it would take a while for my order to be prepared, surprisingly my presence of my order had arrived and despite what the food tasted, the main situation is how the fellow employee listened to me. His use of working etiquette shows that he cared and had good communication. I tipped him a five dollar bill personally I had respect for the young fellow the other day. I see how tipping is quite a barrier for the employees to earn. An author who was a former waitress at a decent restaurant Jamie Simmerman writes Tipping Guide for Good and Bad Services, exemplifies â€Å"...round the bill up to the nearest $10, and leave 20%. This is easy to calculate, andShow MoreRelatedHotel Case Study : The Hotel Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantage by valuing the customer and creating a Home Away from Home. PVs were to service the guest as personal butlers and satisfy their needs at any time resulting in a memorable experience. No other American hotel had anything similar to the Portman Hotels vision of hospitality. Competitors Rates were undeniably the greatest component of competition in the industry. A single room from a luxury hotel in San Francisco fluctuated from $140 to approximately $250 a night. The Portman Hotel’s ratesRead MoreMcdonalds Versus Papa Johns1159 Words   |  5 PagesMcDonald s versus Papa John s During high school, I had the opportunity to gain valuable working experience. The first job that I ever had was working as a crew member at McDonald s. At the beginning of my junior year in high school, McDonald s hired me, and I continued to work there until I graduated. The following summer I obtained a job as a pizza delivery driver at Papa John s, and I continue to work there today. There are many similarities and differences between McDonald s and Papa JohnRead MoreThe New York Hotel And Motel Trades Council Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages AFLCIO The unionized representation of New York Motel and Hotel Trades Council, AFL-CIO represent over thirty thousand non-managerial employees who are working at the hotel. It is an organization that has union representation. A legal contract or a union contract is a binding legal document enforceable under the law. A union contract guarantees certain benefits such as job security, scheduling rights, extra pay for doing extra work, seniority rights, reasonable woiwodes, secure retirement plan andRead MoreFactors That Affect Their Organizational Behavior918 Words   |  4 PagesTheoretical Evaluation After analyzing our results from the survey, the researchers can assign theories attempt to explain how specific factors can impact their organizational behavior. Positive Coworkers: A positive finding from the research that the relationship between employees. The employee s work well together and get to know each other better; moreover, by interacting together the employees created strong relationship with each other. This practice fall into McClelland s Theory of NeedsRead MoreEssay On Working In The Workplace1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe case I am going to use was at the beginning of my working career. I had just started a new job at a wine bar, let’s call it Italiano’s. At this wine bar I was given the job of busser and bar back, about as low as you could get at the restaurant besides dishwasher. When I started this job I was a senior high school, which compared to my co-workers, was very young. Most of my co-workers were in their late twenties and thirties. Due to this age gap, I felt very immature and underpowered in the workplaceRead MoreWhat cost reduction measures would you implement and why?1610 Words   |  7 Pagesextra bonuses, cut t he Medicare, cut long tip allowance, slow down the promotion and the voluntary administration. Certain airlines have responded to the burden of wages and employee benefits by contracting out, or outsourcing services. The first and the most useful method is outsourcing. For example: ground-handing services and maintenance services. Outsourcing is any task, operation, job or process that could be performed by employees within your company, but is instead contractedRead MoreCareer Path Choice : Chief Executive Officer1564 Words   |  7 Pagescompany culture †¢ Human resources: hiring, firing †¢ Compliance with safety regulations †¢ Sales †¢ PR The role of the CEO will vary from one company to another depending on its size and organization, and whether if the company is a startup. In smaller companies, the CEO will often take care of everything from making a lot of the business decisions in the higher level to taking care of lower-level ones such as hiring staff. Controversely, in larger companies, the CEO will more often deal with only the top-levelRead MoreCore Elements Of Servant Leadership1335 Words   |  6 Pagesis based on the leader taking the position of a servant in their interactions with the employees. The internal thirst to serve is â€Å"the key to greatness†, according to Greenleaf’s original essay. The primary purpose of a servant leader is to motivate others and bring about the greatness in others, with the organisational success being the indirect outcome of this approach. Therefore, a business shouldn’t emphasis the objectives of the organisation, but to ensure the employees and the community itRead MoreA Research Study On Photon Measuring Devices Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pages and evaluated work daily. Bob’s leadership style incorporated the entire team’s input and direction to the project, and has produced good results. Simon Fester has been added to the team, and regardless of brilliance, his presence has caused a shift in the team atmosphere and productivity. In the past meetings were a collaborative effort, including everyone with a connection to the team, including secretaries. The addition of Fester broke down the meetings to Fester, Link, and Knowlton activelyRead MoreScientific Management vs Human Relations1608 Words   |  7 PagesThis idea comes from Henry Gantt who introduced the bonus system, which motivated workers to complete their daily tasks by rewarding them a handsome bonus on top of their basic pay. Sci entific Management assumes the worker as a ‘Rational Economic Man’, who is motivated by nothing else but money. Employees were paid extra according to their level of output and paid bonuses for reaching targets. Human relations, on the other hand, focused also on the social welfare of the workers. Taking care of workers’

The Love for American Football Free Essays

Someone who is from another country like me, may believe that life in the United States is very diverse from life anywhere else. Countless people from other countries have a completely distorted image of how we may live there in America and the mentalities thatthey all posess. Not all of Americans are spoiled, overweight, or are obsessed with football. We will write a custom essay sample on The Love for American Football or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of them are completely different for the most part, and are actually concerned about what is occurring in the world today. However, I do believe I can say that most Americans are proud to be here, and proud to represent the UNITED States, and that pride and love is shared by everyone, kind of like a big family. Just like other countries, there are things that the people tend to be attracted to more than another group of people would. For example, in Mexico, soccer is huge, and almost everyone there is crazy about it, but here in the United States, soccer doesn’t hold near as many fans. Since one doesn’t really know a lot about the life in the United States, and the things all Americans seem to enjoy, I would like to enlighten you to the one thing that I believe is totally ‘American’. And of coarse, I would have to say its football. Now, no all of Americans enjoy the hazardous sport, but about nine out of ten of them absolutely adore it(including myseld). The competition and the thrill that you get from watching breathtaking game, will most likely have you sitting at the edge of your seat, not wanting to miss a minute of whar you are seeing take place on the television screen. The runs, the cheers, the interceptions, the touchdowns, and most of all the victory when it’s all over is what I believe makes football what is it today in the society of Americans. If you were to meet another Amrican, I can almost guarantee that the person has a favorite football team that they support with all of theit hearts. Football is everywhere: city leages, college teams, professional teams, and How to cite The Love for American Football, Papers

How does Shakespeare present the character of Shylock in the play Essay Example For Students

How does Shakespeare present the character of Shylock in the play Essay In the Merchant of Venice, Shylock is a wealthy Jew and moneylender. Bassanio, a young Venetian, is a spendthrift, and asks his friend Antonio to lend him money in order for him to pay off his debts. Antonio agrees, but as his wealth relies on his ships, which are at sea, and therefore needs to borrow the money. Shylock lends 3000 ducats to Antonio, providing that if he is unable to repay him, let the forfeit be one pound of your fair flesh. Antonio agrees, mistakenly perceiving the bond to be in jest. His ships sink, leaving him unable to repay Shylock, who insists that he receives the pound of flesh. Many members of a contemporary audience would sympathise with Shylock, as he has been a victim of prejudice. Antonio is a bigot and, like many Christians in that period, an anti Semitic. On several previous occasions he has bullied Antonio by insulting him, calling him misbeliever and cut-throat dog and has spat on my Jewish gabardine. In his soliloquy, Shylock admits that he hates him for he is Christian and plans to catch him once on the hip. In his speech in Act 1, Scene 3, he is extremely polite to Antonio at first, addressing him as Signior Antonio and Fair sir and using a calm tone and several anecdotes. However, his resentment and bitter feelings towards Antonio soon emerge, shown by the way in which he uses harsh, unpleasant phrases such as foot me as you spurn a stranger cur, and begins to insult him stating, moneys is your suit. The calm tone is replaced with a rushed, less fluent speech. Shylock also uses dramatic irony relating to the way in which Antonio referred to him as a dog, saying Hath a dog money? Is it possible a cur can lend three thousand ducats? At this stage, he has not mentioned the forfeit of the pound of flesh, and a modern audience would perceive him as an innocent victim. However, a contemporary audience would have felt less compassion towards Shylock as they too lived in an anti-Semitic society. Jews were discriminated against and treated badly. Christians disapproved of usurers, who loaned money then charged interest. It could be argued that Christians were jealous of Jews, and as a possible result of this Jews were relegated to ghettos. There are elements of humanity in the character, mainly in his Hath not a Jew eyes soliloquy, in which he pleads his right to equality and to revenge himself on the Christians who wrong him. A modern audience is more likely to sympathise with Shylock, as discrimination and racism, though it still exists, is deemed politically incorrect and consequently frowned upon. However, Shylock himself states, I hate him for he is Christian, which in addition to insulting many members of the audience, is another example of racism. The sympathy would wane with both audiences when Shylock proposes the forfeit of a pound of flesh, as it is nauseating and completely inappropriate, although at this point the audience may still believe he is jesting as Shylock refers to the agreement as a merry bond. Their sympathy would deteriorate further after Jessica elopes with Lorenzo, as Shylock appears to be deeply concerned about the loss of his money rather than the welfare of his daughter, lamenting, Thou hast stuck a dagger in me: I shall never see my gold again! . He also says O my ducats! O my daughter! The way in which me mentions the loss of his money before his daughter implies that he considers his wealth to be more important to him than his family. This portrays him as a callous miser. The trial scene in a Venetian court forms a dramatic end to the play. Portia, sent by the Duke and disguised as a young male scholar, begs Shylock to show mercy, pleading, be merciful, take thrice thy money and suggesting in her famous quality of mercy speech that he should be like God. Shylock almost relinquishes the bond, yet ultimately he refuses the money and insists he has a legal right to receive the pound of flesh. .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 , .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .postImageUrl , .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 , .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4:hover , .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4:visited , .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4:active { border:0!important; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4:active , .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4 .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b17be8e3f12e8ffd304bad5749571a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare establish EssayThe sympathy a modern audience may have originally would wane considerably at this point, as Shylock clearly intends to murder Antonio. For a moment it appear that he may be successful, yet eventually Portia realises that the bond is restricted to the removal of only flesh, not blood, and would therefore be impossible. Shylock then compromises and asks for money instead. His suggestion is rejected, though, and is forced to give up half of his wealth and donate his property to Jessica and Lorenzo. Worst of all, he is given no option but to convert to Christianity. As he leaves the court, after his eloquence and anecdotes, he concludes with a short speech mainly consisting of monosyllables, muttering, I am not well; send the deed after me and I will sign it. To conclude, Shakespeare may have been creating a different kind of villain in Shylock. Shylock is not a stereotypical villain, but neither is there a stereotypical hero. He may have intended to portray the way in which the treatment of others can affect their personality. This is shown by the way Shylocks personally appears to be tainted by the discrimination shown towards him, particularly by Antonio.

The Forgotten Chinese Holocaust Essays - Imperial Japanese Army

The Forgotten Chinese Holocaust Can you imagine your body being an object for experimentation while you're still alive? That's one of the things the Japanese did to the Chinese during the forgotten holocaust, the Chinese holocaust. Among the universal disputes between many countries, Japanese aggression on the Chinese was one of the worst events in history to ever take place. The Japanese also destroyed many cities of China. Specifically, they destroyed the city of NanJing by conducting mass bombings and remorseless killings. Other examples of Japanese horrific actions against the Chinese happened in a place called Unit 731. During the 1920's, NanJing only had a population of 250,000. However, during the 1930's, the city was highly populated with over one million residents. This increase was a result of the Japanese occupation and countless refugees fleeing to the city from Manchuria and other Chinese areas to the east of NanJing. The city of NanJing was a safe city for the Chinese until Japanese forces advanced towards it from Shanghai on November 11th, 1937. The Japanese planes bombed the wealthy and more populated areas of the city. The most devastating bombing occurred on September 25th, 1937. Its targets were focused upon hospitals with a red cross on the roof, refugee camps, power plants, water works, and radio stations. About 500 bombs were dropped from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., and as a result, there were over 600 civilian casualties. ? On November 25th, Japanese forces attacked NanJing from three different directions. The Chinese city soon fell to the Japanese Imperial Army. As the Japanese entered the city, a massacre began which lasted six weeks. During that time, the Chinese were not simply murdered, but were humiliated, and tortured. The Japanese used unthinkable methods of murder. They chased the Chinese into the Yangtze River with machine guns, drowning them. They poured gasoline on people, shot them, and watched them flicker up. The Japanese cut the eyeballs out of men and then burned them while they were still alive.2 Some Chinese had their hearts cut out. Even babies were skewered and tossed into boiling water. The Japanese soldiers showed to be heartless when they made games out of these atrocities and used the victims as toys. Japanese generals organized contests of who could kill the most Chinese. Whoever killed to most would be the winner. Sometimes the number of bodies reached as high as five hundred in a single contest.3 News reporters came and observed the barbaric competitions and the victors were praised back in Japan. Their generals encouraged the Japanese soldiers to rape whenever they please, and so they did. After which they killed off the women. The victims has their stomachs cut open or their breasts chopped off. ?Comfort women? were kept as sex slaves to serve the Japanese soldiers throughout the day. The Massacre of NanJing was therefore also known as the ?Rape of NanJing.? The Japanese army finally left NanJing when the United States bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After the six weeks of horror, NanJing was left in ruins. Nothing was left except the dead bodies that emitted an unbearable smell for miles around. The Japanese started a secret ?research program? during and after World War II. The program was set up to develop weapons of biological warfare, including plague, anthrax, cholera, and a dozen other pathogens.4 Even after the Geneva Protocol was signed by 145 countries, including Japan, to ban all gas and biological weapons. By ?field testing,? Chinese cities were invaded by plague bombs dropped by the Japanese to see if they could start plague outbreaks?they did. The Japanese planes dropped plague-infected fleas over Ningbo in eastern China and over Changde in north central China. No accounts were found regarding how many died of this. The plague caused high fever, vomiting of blood, shivering, respiratory failure, and body pains that resulted in a dark purple body color. Three out of every 4 who contracted this disease died.5 The Japanese hoped to use the soon to be developed weapons on the United States. They proposed using balloon bombs to carry disease to America and they had a plan in the summer of 1945 to use kamikaze pilots to dump plague infected fleas on San

Strategic Thinking and Effective Change Samsung

Strategic Thinking and Effective Change Samsung With over 200 subsidiaries across the continent, Samsung has devised a powerful business model in order to remain profitable (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). The firm uses innovative strategies and practices in order to produce new products. The concept of research and development (RD) is also taken seriously.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Strategic Thinking and Effective Change: Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such changes include eye-catching electronic devices and superior smartphones that can address the needs of more consumers. This paper analyses Samsung’s business strategy. The findings are used to recommend the most appropriate strategy that can support the strategic needs of this organisation in Asia. Current Strategic Position of Samsung Understanding Samsung’s Strategy Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Samsung was manufacturing and marketing cheap television sets and microw aves. According to history, the firm was struggling due to lack of superior products. The level of competition was extremely high thus making it impossible for Samsung to achieve most of its business goals. Many people believed that ‘the firm was also struggling with financial uncertainty’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 4). Experts believe strongly that things have changed significantly for this giant company. The company’s products are superior and admirable. Many people ‘purchase Samsung’s products because they believe that they catch the pulse of the consumer’ (Singh 2012, p. 4). Samsung Group has understood how to focus on the buyer’s emotion. It achieves this goal by offering elegant, superior, and attention-grabbing devices. Such devices are designed in a professional manner in order to remain competitive in the global market. Within the past two decades, Samsung has been combining various business strategies in an attempt to address the chan ging expectations of its global customers. It has focused on the power of innovation in order to achieve these goals. The company’s products are designed to meet the needs of every high-end market (Jung, 2014). However, competition has always remained a major challenge for Samsung. That being the case, the firm focuses on powerful approaches in order to deal with the increasing level of competition. After producing its first Samsung Smartphone, the corporation conducted a thorough market research in order to understand the major issues facing different consumers. The firm realised that ‘most of the existing competitors were using high prices to market their devices’ (Bouman 2014, p. 8). This observation encouraged the firm to lower the prices of its smartphones by around 20 dollars in various nations. This move was aimed at attracting many potential customers. More people realised that such smartphones were affordable. The move made it easier for Samsung to marke t more smartphones than ever before. The same business strategy was adopted for every segment and product (Singh 2012). This move improved the company’s business performance within the shortest time possible.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The above discussion gives a summary of Samsung’s business strategy. Samsung therefore continues to use a wide range of strategies and approaches in order to position itself in the global market. To begin with, the firm uses various approaches to change its brand image (Jung 2014). Samsung uses powerful adverts and innovative strategies in order to become the leading producer of quality devices and services. As well, brand repositioning is undertaken in an attempt to inform more people about the firm’s superior products. This practice has become ‘a long term investment at the company’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 8). It is currently attracting a large number of potential buyers across Asia. PESTEL Analysis Political The political environment has been favourable for Samsung. However, the Asian region is associated with new political changes that can threaten its future performance. The current instability faced in Korea can affect the firm’s future. For example, the conflict between North Korea and South Korea can affect the region’s future political climate. Such political uncertainties can have disastrous implications on Samsung’s future business goals. Samsung considers such uncertainties whenever designing its strategic plans (Xu 2009). Economic The company operates in different Asian countries. The economic performances of such nations continue to dictate the firm’s business performance. The current economic vagueness experienced in the world should also be taken seriously. Many customers in different ‘Asian countries have portrayed a reduc ed purchasing ability’ (Markides 2004, p. 6). The firm is presently considering new strategies that can support its business objectives. Statistics show that the economies of the nations are rising steadily. South Korea’s current GDP is 1.39 trillion US dollars (Nakagawa 2014, p. 221). The slow economic growth encountered in China has led to reduction in shipments to the country. This issue can affect the region’s economy. Social Factors Asia has encountered new social values and practices due to the current wave of globalisation. The changing needs of the targeted customers will affect the corporation’s business model. For example, more people are travelling frequently and engaging in various social activities. Samsung will be required to re-pattern its business strategies in order to address the cultural values and needs of many consumers in Asia. Technological Factors The company is very innovative thus making it successful. Samsung has powerful techno logical abilities and strengths. It uses such technologies to produce innovative and superior mobile devices. The use of modern technologies makes it possible for the Samsung to realise its business objectives.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Strategic Thinking and Effective Change: Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Apple has ‘accused the firm of imitating its product design’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 3). The current lawsuit is affecting the trust of many customers in different parts of the world. The firm will also be required to use new technologies in an attempt to deal with competition and succeed in the smartphone industry (Xu 2009). Companies are also working hard to produce faster. Some competitors are also focusing on the superiority and effectiveness of bigger smartphones (Xu 2009). Environmental Factors New laws and policies force companies to engage in sustainable business pra ctices. The firm is expected to focus on sustainable business strategies and operations. The company is required to keep the environment clean, manage wastes, and support the needs of every surrounding community (Singh 2012). The company will have to ‘face stricter rules regarding the issue of sustainability in the coming years’ (Zafar, Habib Bilal 2014, p. 72). These environmental issues are critical towards supporting many firms in this industry. Legal Aspects Samsung has been forced ‘to pay heavy fines for charges that it imitated Apple’s iPhone and iPad’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 3). This legal issue discouraged more customers in different parts of the world from using the company’s devices. As well, the firm has to consider various business laws and regulations in order to achieve its objectives. The current lawsuits affecting the firm can affect its future business performance (Xu 2009). Analysis According to the above analysis, Samsung has been facing competition from many companies. Some of these companies include ‘Apple Incorporation, Sony, Toshiba, Ramtoms, and Hewlett Packard’ (Singh 2012, p. 7). It is also notable that the firm operates in different market segments thus attracting more competitors. The existence of competition is something that forces Samsung Group to focus on the most appropriate business approaches and practices. Such actions are undertaken in order to achieve its business potentials. This issue explains why Samsung Group has been undertaking numerous researches from the market. Such researches mainly focus ‘on the changing consumer preferences, competitive strengths of different companies, changing demographics, and emerging markets’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 3). The next important step towards having a successful strategy is using reduced prices. Samsung Group ‘renews its pricing strategy frequently’ (Lee Lee 2007, p. 498). This move is undertaken in order to deal with the increasing level of competition. The pricing strategies are also dictated by the changing preferences and expectations of many Asian consumers. The prices used by immediate competitors are used to ensure the company’s products are purchased by more customers. The pricing strategy plays a significant role towards increasing the company’s sales and revenues.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The above business model explains why Samsung is currently one of the most profitable companies in the world. Its presence in many emerging Asian nations makes it more competitive. The firm is also playing a major role in its industry. This is the case because it ‘sets the pace for innovation, product improvement, customer support, sustainability practices, and technology use’ (Singh 2012, p. 3). Samsung has also ‘forced different competitors to come up with superior gadgets that can meet the ever-changing needs of more consumers’ (Sun, Sun Xu 2014, p. 4). Samsung’s efforts have forced many players in the industry to reduce their prices. This move has made different smartphones available to more customers. Such efforts have made Samsung a recognisable player in the industry. Nature of the Industry Consumers of such smartphones have remained loyal than ever before. They ‘purchase new devices whenever they are launched in the market’ (Bou man 2014, p. 8). The leading players in the industry have understood how to focus on this kind of loyalty. The competitors are always convinced that every new product will attract more potential buyers (Kess Isoherranen 2014). This massive industry is therefore characterised by numerous companies that market different smartphones to the increasing number of potential consumers. Bouman (2014) argues that the ‘industry is defined by ever-evolving designs and mobile technologies’ (p. 11). The leading competitors in the industry use aggressive pricing methods and continuous imitation in order to achieve the best outcomes. Most of the targeted consumers are very sensitive about prices thus forcing the players to focus on the best business practices. The major consumers in this industry are usually aged between 18 and 45. As well, many older citizens and politicians have been observed to purchase such mobile devices. Rivalry has also remained extremely high in this industry. This is the case because many competitors use similar pricing strategies, technologies, and RD processes in order to address the changing needs of more customers (Sun, Sun Xu 2014). However, some companies have identified their specific competitive advantages in order to remain successful in this industry. Apple has remained the biggest player in the smartphone industry. The firm is admired by many customers because of its ability to innovate and produce powerful devices. It focuses on a few devices in order to achieve the best outcomes. Apple Incorporation has ‘remained the most profitable, successful, and admirable firm in the industry’ (Singh 2012, p. 13). It is also ‘identified as one of the biggest technology corporations in the globe today’ (Kess Isoherranen 2014, p. 1117). The firm uses powerful RD strategies and numerous resources to produce revolutionary smartphones such as the iPhone 4 and the iPhone 5. The company launched the iPhone 6 thus ma king it the most successful smartphone in the whole world. This argument shows clearly that Apple is a successful player in the industry. As mentioned earlier, the smartphone industry focuses on the needs of many customers aged between 18 and 45 years. Majority of these customers have good jobs and opportunities. They are tech-savvy and have good education (Singh 2012). The competitors in the industry also understand how to partner with different software producers in order to deliver powerful apps. Such applications are usually aimed at addressing the needs of these potential customers. The ‘other important observation is that the customers are global’ (Sun et al. 2014, p. 11). This means that the players in the smartphone industry should use international strategies to market their devices to more customers. Bouman (2014) believes strongly that ‘new markets will continue to emerge for these smartphones’ (p. 5). More young and old people are embracing the benefits of such smartphones. The availability of 3G and 4G internet services also makes such devices more useful. These developments encourage more competitors in the industry to produce quality products than ever before. Samsung’s Value Chain Samsung uses a powerful value chain strategy in order to achieve its goals. The firm’s logistical operations are executed by different companies and subsidiaries. For instance, Samsung Electronics Logitec plays a major role towards supporting the company’s operations (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). The operations make it easier for the company to deliver more goods to different potential customers. Proper marketing strategies are also used to support to support the company’s value chain. Sales promotions, advertisements, competent marketers, and logistical operations support the company’s value chain. The firm also focuses on the best practices in order to deliver quality services to different customer s. The other important consideration is that Apple uses powerful production strategies. It has been outsourcing different services in order to produce its superior devices. This approach has continued to produce the best results. This is the case because the firm has managed to reduce its production costs. The reduction of its production costs makes it possible for the company to market its superior products using reduced prices (Kess Isoherranen 2014). The firm’s revolutionary devices have remained successful in different parts of the world. However, Apple can never ignore the presence of powerful competitors such as Samsung, HTC, and Nokia, and Tecno (Kess Isoherranen 2014). This situation explains why these companies focus on the most appropriate strategies in an attempt to emerge successful in the smartphone industry. Challenges Facing Samsung Many companies in this industry continue to face various challenges. Most of these challenges are external in nature. That being the case, the firms must identify and use the most appropriate strategies in order to achieve their business potentials. Samsung is currently facing numerous challenges. It is appropriate for the firm to use powerful strategies and approaches in order to deal with such problems (Bouman 2014). This approach will make it easier for the firm to achieve its business objectives. The PESTEL analysis presented below gives a detailed analysis of the major external factors affecting the corporation Business Environment Samsung also faces different strengths and weaknesses. Such strengths have been critical towards supporting its business strategy. The existing weaknesses are monitored and analysed in order to develop better strategies for effective business performance (Zafar, Habib Bilal 2014). The existence of opportunities encourages the company to pursue most of its business goals in a specific market such as Asia. Some threats can also affect the company’s future performance. T he SWOT Analysis presented below gives a succinct summary of the company’s external and internal environments. Porter’s Five Forces The industry’s level of rivalry and attractiveness continues to present new challenges to the company. A proper understanding of the forces faced by Samsung in the industry can encourage the leaders to make appropriate business decisions (Rowley Paik 2008). Such decisions will eventually support the company’s business practices. The Porter’s Five Forces presented below gives a detailed overview of the major issues facing this company. Industry rivalry The smartphone industry has become very competitive. This is the case because there are many companies such as Nokia, Apple, and LG. Most of these companies ‘are fighting for dominance in the industry thus making it impossible for Samsung to become the leading player’ (Katkyama 2010, p. 24). Competition in emerging Asian markets is also on the rise. These ch anges continue to affect the company’s performance in the smartphone industry. Barriers to entry This industry has giant corporations with operations in many countries. Every newcomer will be forced to incur numerous expenses in order to have a significant impact (Manchester 2012). As well, the companies incur numerous expenses in order to market their revolutionary devices to more consumers. This situation explains why the threat of new entrants is extremely low (Nedelea Paun 2009). However, the existing players are making it hard for the firm to achieve most of its business potentials. Bargaining power of buyers Many customers are providential to choose the best smartphones in the market. This is the case because the market has been flooded with different devices (Manchester 2012). The buyers are also ready to purchase specific products that can satisfy their changing expectations. Producers and marketers of such phones must consider these needs in order to innovate the be st smartphones (Nedelea Paun 2009). Many consumers also want different companies to engage in sustainable practices. The bargaining power of such customers is extremely high thus forcing Samsung to embrace better business practices. Bargaining power of different suppliers Many suppliers in the industry are able to offer quality services. They also supply a wide range of raw materials and accessories. Companies such as Samsung should be ready to address the needs of such suppliers in order to achieve their potentials. It is appropriate for companies in this sector to analyse the changing behaviours and demands of these suppliers (Hill Jones 2012). This approach will make such companies more successful. Substitute goods The ‘smartphone industry is associated with a wide range of superior and substandard mobile devices’ (Hill Jones 2012, p. 18). These smartphones can complete various tasks and satisfy the needs of more customers. Samsung has been forced to use powerful pricing methods in an attempt to deal with this threat. The existence of such products will make it impossible for companies such as Samsung to become the leading players in the industry (Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014). The firm should therefore use powerful business tactics in order to attract more customers. The smartphone industry is characterised by ‘unique trends that are not observed in the other sectors’ (Kess Isoherranen 2014, p. 1114). To begin with, the level of competition in the industry has led to new changes and improvements. Such improvements are recorded every year in an attempt to deliver the best support to more customers. As well, the industry is ‘fast-paced because the players have the required financial strength’ (Bouman 2014, p. 8). The companies operating in this industry have been focusing on the power of RD in an attempt to produce superior products. Such products are aimed at transforming the lifestyles of the ta rgeted customers. This fact explains why smartphones have been constantly changing. The companies have been adding new features that can attract more customers. Every new smartphone is believed to be ‘an improvement of its immediate predecessor’ (Bouman 2014, p. 9). SWOT Analysis Internal analysis The other important aspect of Samsung’s strategy is its continued focus on research and development (RD). Samsung uses the concept of RD to identify the gaps facing the industry. The firm attracts new experts in order to produce new smartphones that can compete successfully in the global market. The same approach is used to improve different products in order to make them superior (Lee Lee 2007). Innovation is embraced at this company. The practice makes it easier for Samsung to produce new products that can address various gaps in the market. Consumer feedbacks and suggestions are considered whenever innovating new products. Samsung has managed to produce powerful pro ducts that have the potential to address the needs of its loyal customers. Strengths Samsung is one of the leading manufacturers of smartphone devices. It also has successful electronic devices in the market. Its positive performance in the mobile phone segment because it an admirable brand. The firm has impressive RD technologies and design capabilities. Every Samsung’s device ‘is known for its longer battery life’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 7). The firm enjoys a wide presence across the globe. Samsung ‘is a leader in innovation’ (Chen 2015, p. 2). The corporation has strong relationships with different retailers across Asia and beyond. Samsung operates in different market segments thus reducing its risks. Samsung’s smartphones have superior features and applications thus making them successful in the market. Weaknesses Samsung has been ‘unable to devise the best marketing capabilities for its smartphones’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 2 ). Many Chinese companies are producing superior phones thus attracting more customers in the Asian market. Such companies include HTC, Huawei, and Xiaomi. The ‘firm focuses mainly on its consumer electronics segment’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 43). The firm targets customers in developed nations thus reducing its opportunities for future growth. Many consumers ‘believe that Android operating system is inferior to Apple Corporation’s iOS’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 49). This weakness explains why many customers fail to purchase Samsung’s devices. The firm lacks sophisticated and appropriate marketing efforts. Opportunities Many people are currently purchasing different smartphones in Asia. Such customers are also looking for superior mobile devices and tablets. This situation creates a new opportunity for the company. The increasing level of demand for mobile-based solutions and applications continues to attract more customers. The emergence of w earable tech is an opportunity for the company. Asia is characterised by an emerging number of middleclass citizens. This increase is an opportunity for Samsung. The firm will market its products to more potential buyers. The current use of online platforms and social media can improve the firm’s marketing capabilities. Threats The level of competition from Apple is extremely high. Apple and Samsung are ‘always fighting on Patents’ (Chen 2015, p. 2). Some ‘competitors are producing cheaper and superior smartphones such as HTC’ (Chen 2015, p. 3). Apple ‘is admired by many consumers because of its sophistication, quality, and reliability’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 76). The emergence of many Chinese companies poses a threat to the firm. Samsung’s products have immediate rivals or substitutes in the market. Tackling the Above Challenges: Implications The use of Change Theory can produce the best results. For instance, Kurt Lewinà ¢â‚¬â„¢s change theory can produce the best outcomes (Hernaus 2011). The PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces presented above should be used to address the issues affecting Samsung. The firm uses different strategies in order to deal with the above challenges. Such strategies are aimed at supporting the targeted business objectives. The first approach focuses on the power of continued research and innovation. Samsung Group has employed advanced technologies and experts in order to produce quality smartphones. Such devices can compete successfully in the global market (Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014). The ‘firm uses the concept of innovation in order to realise every targeted goal’ (Hernaus 2011, p. 7). The innovative practices embraced by the company are aimed at addressing various issues. The first issue to consider is the changing expectations of different consumers. The company produces powerful devices and smartphones that can deliver the best pro mises to such customers. The proposed theory will ensure the firm focuses on the best outcomes. The completed PESTEL outlines the business strategies and innovations embraced by different competitors. The firm uses the strategy to produce new devices that can deal with the challenge of competition. Unfortunately, the firm has faced numerous lawsuits from Apple Incorporation. The move has also ‘affected the company’s profitability after paying heavy penalties for alleged mobile design infringement’ (Jung 2014, p. 137). These penalties have affected the company’s image thus discouraging more consumers in different parts of Asia from purchasing its products. This challenge has emerged from the company’s continued efforts to become successful. The second strategy used by Samsung in order to deal with the above challenges revolves around the concept of pricing. Nakagawa (2014) argues that ‘Samsung’s pricing strategy has been appropriate with in the past ten years’ (p. 223). The firm examines the prices used by its rival companies. The firm uses cheaper prices to market its smartphones. This strategy has encouraged more customers to purchase and use the company’s mobile devices. The emergence of cheaper products in the market has threatened the sustainability of Samsung’s devices. For instance, HTC is currently marketing cheaper smartphones in the market. New players such as Lenovo are making it impossible for Samsung to remain the leading player in the smartphone industry. Many consumers in Asia have also been associating the company’s cheap prices with ineffectiveness. This new problem continues to affect the company’s performance. The firm is also known to use proactive measures in an attempt to deal with competition. For instance, the company produces numerous devices within a very short time. This prolific approach makes it easier for the firm’s devices to compete directly w ith other superior products. Many customers have been ‘purchasing such products because they are superior, elegant, and cheap’ (Hernaus 2011, p. 8). However, this strategy has resulted in new problems. For instance, Samsung’s prolific strategy has discouraged many customers especially in the developing world. Many Asians are ‘not ready to purchase new devices after every six months’ (Chang 2011, p. 76). That being the case, the targeted customers have decided to focus on superior devices such as the iPhone 6. Samsung also embraces the power of technological changes in order to deal with competition and address every challenges encountered in the industry. The firm collaborates with different companies such as Google Incorporation in an attempt to produce powerful smartphones. The company’s devices use Android operating system (Nakagawa 2014). However, many ‘consumers in the developing world believe strongly that the operating system is n o match for Apple’s iOS’ (Chang 2011, p. 12). This scenario explains why the company’s products are yet to perform positively in the Asian market (Nakagawa 2014). The above tools show how the external environment is forcing different companies such as Samsung to engage in sustainable practices. The concept of sustainability focuses on different issues such as ‘waste management, environmental conservation, and focus on the existing regulations’ (Chang 2011, p. 98). The firm has collaborated with different stakeholders in order to promote the most appropriate sustainability practices. The corporation is therefore required to embrace the best practices in order to deal with these implications. The decision ‘to invest in new countries has encountered numerous challenges such as political instability, economic uncertainty, and reduced revenues’ (Chang 2011, p. 103). Recommendations to Meet the Company’s Strategic Needs According to th e proposed theory, several changes will be required in order to support Samsung’s strategic needs and objectives. Such changes should be executed in accordance with the internal and external forces affecting the corporation. It is agreeable that Samsung uses some of the best business practices in an attempt to emerge successful (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). However, the challenges identified above have been making it impossible for Samsung to realise most of its business goals (Chen 2015). The SWOT Analysis presented below should be used to support the best strategies. The first route should focus on the benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This approach makes it easier for many corporations to engage in ethical and sustainable businesses. Samsung’s new CSR should consider every ethical, legal, and environmental issue in order to achieve the best outcomes. The approach will ensure the company’s innovation and RD team produces original ideas . Such designs should ‘be competitive, innovative, and revolutionary’ (Chen 2015, p. 3). The firm should involve different stakeholders whenever addressing various sustainability issues. A powerful ‘market strategy should consider different factors such as the prices of competitors, demographics, consumer needs, and presence of substitute goods’ (Jung 2014, p. 138). The above Porter’s Five Forces model should be used to address the needs of different suppliers and customers. The understanding will ensure the firm identifies ‘new market segments, technological changes, and changing demographics’ (Nakagawa 2014, p. 224). The targeted customers in the continent will be able to support the company’s business strategy and eventually make the firm successful. Competition is something unavoidable in the smartphone industry. Innovative marketing approaches and customer-focused practices will eventually support the company’s entrepr eneurial needs. TOWS Analysis External Scanning Internal Environment Opportunities Emerging markets Demand for smartphones New technologies Economic and demographic changes Strengths Global company Brand name/image Innovation and RD Customer loyalty Powerful entrepreneurial culture Diverse distribution practices Diverse products and segments S/O Strategies Focus on a small number of market segments. Use a powerful marketing strategy that considers the changing behaviours of consumers and competitors. Embrace the benefits of ethical business practice and CSR strategies. This TOWS Analysis shows that Samsung should redesign its strategy. Samsung’s focus on different products affects its competitiveness in the global market environment (Chen 2015). This situation should encourage the company’s leaders to concentrate on a limited number of segments. The smartphone sector should also be given priority because it has the potential to produce the best results (Katkyama 2010). These strategic paths will eventually make Samsung a leading marketer of advanced smartphones in Asia. Appendix Mission Devoting our technology and talent towards creating superior services and products that can contribute to a sustainable global society. Vision Samsung is committed to inspire its stakeholders and communities by leveraging new technology, creative solutions, and innovative products. Reference List Bouman, T 2014, Samsung Enterprise Business: XChange Solution Provider, xchange-events.com/files/9213/9422/5169/Samsung_Todd-Bouman_The-New-Business-Experience_XSP2014.pdf Chang, S 2011, Sony vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants Battle, McGraw Hill, New York. Chen, L 2015, ‘The Worlds Largest Tech Companies: Apple Beats Samsung, Microsoft, Google’, Forbes, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-4. Hernaus, T 2011, ‘Business Trends and Tendencies in Organisation Design and Work Design Practice: Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationsh ips’, Working Papers Series, vol. 11, no. pp. 2-18. Hill, C Jones, G 2012, Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Cengage Learning, Boston. Jung, S 2014, ‘The Analysis of Strategic Management of Samsung Electronics Company through the Generic Value Chain Model’, International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 133-142. Katkyama, H 2010, ‘Significance of Lean Management and Contribution toward Customer Satisfaction’, Industrial Engineering Magazine, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 22-27. Kess, P Isoherranen, V 2014, ‘Business strategies analysis by strategy typology and orientation framework’, Management, Knowledge, and Learning, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1111-1120. Lee, B Lee, S 2014, Case of Samsung’s Mobile Phone Business, http://211.253.40.86/mille/service/PBH/10000/IMG/000000000489/W04-11.pdf. Lee, W Lee, N 2007, ‘Understanding Samsung’s Diversification Strategy: The Case of S amsung Motors Incorporation’, Long Range Planning, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 488-504. Manchester, C 2012, ‘General Human Capital and Employee Mobility’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 951-974. Markides, C 2004, ‘What is Strategy and how do you know if you have one’, Business Strategy Review, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 5-12. Nakagawa, R 2014, ‘The Rapid Growth of the Smartphone Market in China and the Business Ecosystem’, AJ, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 219-229. Nedelea, S Paun, L 2009, ‘The Importance of the Strategic Management Process in the Knowledge-Based Economy’, Review of International Comparative Management, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 95-105. Rowley, C Paik, Y 2008, The Changing Face of Korean Management, Longman, New York. Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014, samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/corporate_governance/corporatesocialresponsibility/downloads/2014sustainabilityreport.pdf Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015, http://sgsg.samsung.com/samsung/value.do. Singh, D 2012, ‘The High-Quality Low-Price Business Strategy of Samsung Mobile in Penetrating Competitive Market of India’, SSRN, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-16. Sun, J, Sun, X Xu, T 2014, ‘Competitive Advantage Based on Innovation: The Case of Samsung’, Renmin School of Business, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-13. Tong-hyung, K 2014, Samsung to Beef Up Risk Management, koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2010/12/123_78214.html Xu, R 2009, ‘Analysis of Samsung Notebook Strategy: Case Study for Samsung Notebook’, NHH, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-76. Zafar, F, Habib, I Bilal, H 2014, ‘How to achieve Financial Gains with Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses’, European Journal of Business and Management, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 68-77.

The life and seal art achievement of ONE famous Qing dynasty seal Essay

The life and seal art achievement of ONE famous Qing dynasty seal artitst - Essay Example As such, one great seal artist of the Qing Dynasty was Wu Changshuo, who also doubled up as a calligrapher. Born in 1844, Wu held various positions in the Chinese society till his demise in 1927. These included being a painter, a calligrapher, a seal artist, and even a poet. He alternated between the various activities, but the major focus was on seal art. Moreover, he was majorly associated with the Hai and Zhe Schools of seal art, which grew to become some of the most famous seal art schools. Therefore, this means that he developed numerous forms of seal art during his period, consequently making him one of the most famous and successful seal artists of the time (Penn 2005, p. 56). Wu Changshuo seal art showing the physical aspects of the seal art itself. The first two are a representation of what the outcome of the seals look like, while the one above depicts the actual means for setting the seals. From the above, it can be noted that Chinese seal art was one major aspect of the societal development particularly in the Qing dynasty. This is as been illustrated by the above examples from Wu Changshuo as a famous Qing Dynasty seal artists. While there were different seal artists during the Qing Dynasty, Wu’s approach proved to be one of the most unique, since his seals were the most generally accepted seals as compared to the rest. Therefore, the historical perspective on Wu Changshuo serves the right purpose especially in relation to the aspect of ancient Chinese seal

Hum final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hum final - Essay Example The conquest of Rome is undeniably one of the greatest if not the greatest conquest in human history. Their politics have taught humanity on first, respect for the laws and second, importance of the community as central in the development of the individual person in his private sphere as well as in his public sphere. Aside form that, they have taught humanity â€Å"that one may achieve peace of mind by avoiding burdensome responsibilities, gloomy companions, and excessive wealth. Stoicism offered a reasoned retreat from psychic pain and moral despair, as well as a practical set of solutions to the daily strife between the self and society† ( Fiero 135) But the greatness of Rome seems to be second only in comparison with the greatest man that ever walked the face of the earth – Jesus. The â€Å"search for the historical Jesus is complicated by many factors† (Fiero 163), but what is clear is that the story of Jesus have touched billions of lives all over the world. The greatness of Jesus is that he afforded us a new paradigm with which humanity may comprehend our relationship with God. Jesus has taken away the picture of the jealous warrior God that is one of the dominant images of God in the Old Testament. In fact, his entire human life is a living testimony to his claim that ‘God is Father’. Though scholars and exegetes may disagree what is clear is that â€Å"Jesus is the recognizable human face of God† (Wright 70). In the end, these readings are significant primarily because not solely because of the greatness of the topics that they have delved with but that the Roman heritage and Jesus story are contradictories yet real in the realm of human experience. Of the many things that we have discussed in class, I have come to realize and appreciate the fact that the Western Heritage is built on the sagacity of ancient men and women who have tried to understand how we can really understand the human condition. Their discourses open to us

About silk road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About silk road - Essay Example The whole process happened in a period. Traders who operate on the Silk Roads, however, they take great interest mostly in the safety of the products that they are particularly interested and in products that they trade in. This assures them of the protection of the trade route i.e. the Silk route or the Silk Road (Elisseeff 222). This paper will give detailed information on the silk roads including all the aspects. This means that the importance of silk roads will be covered in detail. Additionally, the history and the origin of these roads will be covered. On the other hand the disadvantages or the pros of the roads will also be given. Many researchers have conducted researches on these types of roads thus giving relevant information about Silk roads. The Silk Roads as discussed above are said to have originated during the 1st century. It came to this because of the efforts of the country China. China at first consolidated a road to the Western world and India. The two routes were obtained through direct settlement in the area of the Tarim Basim and diplomatic relationship countries of the Parthians, Dayuan and Bactrians further west. People used these routes to extract opportunities to exchange culture and other behaviors (Elisseeff 243). After the Roman conquest that happened in Egypt in 30 BC, the regular communications and the trade between several countries blossomed on an unprecedented scale. The countries that were on this blossom were China, India, Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia. It was found that the Roman Empire inherited the eastern trade routes from the earlier Hellenistic powers and the Arabs. After the Roman Empire took over the Silk Roads, the citizens of the Roman Empire would have the opportunity of receiving luxuries and greater prosperity for the empire as a whole. With the presence of the Silk Roads, the Greco-Roman trade kept on rising to new levels. This trade was started by Eudoxus of Cyzicus in 130 BC. The trade rose to about

Invitations Refusal Strategies In American And Vietnamese

Invitations Refusal Strategies In American And Vietnamese Human communication is a combination of cooperation and understanding. Success in communication depends greatly on the ability to recognize speakers communicative intentions and pragmatic meaning of their utterances. Actually, those who may be regarded as fluent in a second language owing to their phonetic, syntactic and semantic knowledge of that language may still be unable to produce language that is socially and culturally appropriate. As a result, Larina (2008) shows that numerous problems in communication occur because people do not only speak different languages but use them in different ways according to specific social and linguistic norms, values, and social-cultural convention. Many people devalue the importance of invitations refusal strategies because normally, it is a person right to say something he/she doesnt like or doesnt want to. However, it is not as simple as it is thought to be since misbehavior in this domain can result in the interlocutors feeling of being shocked, angry, or even seriously insulted. It is because every body, as a human being, expects the appreciation and respect from others. America and Vietnam are two countries with different culture so their social and linguistic norms are different as well. This paper is an attempt to provide a cross-culture comparison of ways American and Vietnamese deal with a tactful-required kind of speech act: refusing an invitation. In this paper, the similarities and differences in refusal strategies between American native speakers and Vietnamese native speakers will be discussed under three circumstances: when the invitee is at a lower status; when the invitee is at an equal status; and when the inv itee is at a higher status. To make my topic more practical, I also suggest some implications in language teaching. I hope that this paper will be a contribution to the study of cross-cultural pragmatic understanding and effective communication. Speech acts In the 1950s and 60s two philosophers of language, John Austin and John Searle, developed speech act theory from their observation that language is used to do things other than just refer to the truth or falseness of particular statements. Austins book How to Do Things with Words (1962) is the next to a series of lectures he gave at Harvard University on this topic. John Searle, a student of Austin, further developed Austins work in his book Speech Acts, which was published in 1969. Austins and Searles work appeared at a time when logical positivism was the prevailing view in the philosophy of language. They launched a strong and influential attack on this work. The logical positive view of language argued that a sentence is always used to describe some fact, or state of affairs and, unless it could be tested for truth or falsity, is basically meaningless. Austin and Searle observed that there are many sentences that cannot meet such truth conditions but that are, nevertheless, valid sentences and do things that go beyond their literal meaning. Searle and Austin argued that in the same way that we perform physical acts, such as having a meal or closing a door, we can also perform acts by using language. We can use language, for example, to give orders, to make requests, to give warnings, or to give advice. They called these speech acts. Thus people do things with words in much the same way as they perform physical actions. Paltridge (2000) provided us the definition of Speech Act: A Speech Act is an utterance that serves a function in communication. Some examples are an apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment or refusal. A speech act might contain just one word such as No to perform a refusal or several words or sentences such as: Im sorry, I cant, I have a prior engagement. It is important to mention that speech acts include real-life interactions and require not only knowledge of the language but also appropriate use of that language within a given culture. Socio-cultural variables like authority, social distance, and situational setting influence the appropriateness and effectiveness of politeness strategies used to realize directive speech acts such as requests (p. 15). Refusal as a speech act According to Al-Eryani (2007), a refusal is a respond negatively to an offer, request, invitation, etc. Refusals, as all the other speech acts, occur in all languages. However, not all languages/ cultures refuse in the same way nor do they feel comfortable refusing the same invitation or suggestion. Moreover, how one says no may be more important in many societies than the answer itself. Therefore, sending and receiving a message of no is a task that needs special skills. The interlocutor must know when to use the appropriate form and its function. The speech act and its social elements depend on each group and their cultural-linguistic values. Refusals are considered to be a face-threatening act among the speech acts. Face means the public self-image of a person. It refers to that emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize. Refusals threaten the inviters face because they contradict hisher expectations and restrict the inviters freedom to act according to hisher will. On the other hand, refusals may threaten the addressees public image to maintain approval from others. Because a failure to refuse appropriately can risk the interpersonal relations of the speakers, refusals usually include various strategies to avoid offending ones interlocutors. However, it requires a high level of pragmatic competence and the choice of these strategies may vary across languages and cultures. For example, in refusing invitations, offers and suggestions, gratitude was regularly expressed by American English speakers, but rarely by Egyptian Arabic speakers (Nelson, Al-batal, and Echols, 1996). When Mandarin Chinese speakers wanted to refuse requests, they expressed positive opinion (e.g., I would like toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.) much less frequently than American English since Chinese informants were concerned that if they ever expressed positive opinions, they would be forced to comply (Liao and Bressnahan, 1996). Politeness Politeness can be at once be understood as a social phenomenon, a means to achieve good interpersonal relationships, and a norm imposed by social conventions. So it is phenomenal, instrumental and normative by nature. According to Brown and Levinson (as cited in Politeness, 1997), politeness strategies are developed in order to save the hearers face. Face refers to the respect that an individual has for him or herself, and maintaining that self-esteem in public or in private situations. Usually you try to avoid embarrassing the other person, or making them feel uncomfortable. Face Threatening Acts (FTAs) are acts that infringe on the hearers need to maintain his/her self esteem, and be respected. Politeness strategies are developed for the main purpose of dealing with these FTAs. What would you do if you saw a cup of pens on your teachers desk, and you wanted to use one, would you say, Ooh, I want to use one of those! say, So, is it O.K. if I use one of those pens? say, Im sorry to bother you but, I just wanted to ask you if I could use one of those pens? Indirectly say, Hmm, I sure could use a blue pen right now. There are four types of politeness strategies, described by Brown and Levinson (as cited in Politeness, 1997), that sum up human politeness behavior: Bald On Record, Negative Politeness, Positive Politeness, and Off-Record-indirect strategy. If you answered A, you used what is called the Bald On-Record strategy which provides no effort to minimize threats to your teachers face. If you answered B, you used the Positive Politeness strategy. In this situation you recognize that your teacher has a desire to be respected. It also confirms that the relationship is friendly and expresses group reciprocity. If you answered C, you used the Negative Politeness strategy which similar to Positive Politeness in that you recognize that they want to be respected. However, you also assume that you are in some way imposing on them. Some other examples would be to say, I dont want to bother you but or I was wondering if If you answered D, you used Off-Record indirect strategies. The main purpose is to take some of the pressure off of you. You are trying not to directly impose by asking for a pen. Instead you would rather it be offered to you once the teacher realizes you need one, and you are looking to find one. In many ways, politeness is universal. It is resorted to by speakers of different languages as a means to an end and it is recognized as a norm in all societies. Despite its universality, the actual manifestations of politeness, the ways to realize politeness and the standards of judgment differ in different cultures. On her thesis, Nguyen, T. L (2010) points out some aspects we should consider in order to achieve the goal of politeness as following: The social background of the communicator. Generally, the more educated a man is, the more he tends to show his politeness to other people. The more he knows about the suitable ways to show politeness, the better he uses them to be polite to others. Besides, the personality of the communicator is also very important here. Good-tempered person prefers to use face-saving act while bad-tempered person prefers face-threatening act when they come across the face-losing condition. The communicative circumstances. Communication is a very complicated process. In formal occasions, people tend to use formal expressions to show politeness, esp. between the new acquaintances. While in informal states, people tend to be casual to show intimacy even if it is in the very moment they meet. And that doesnt mean impoliteness. Look at the following example: Ex 1: A man came into a bar and said to the waiter: Hi! Buddy! Gimme some whisky, would ya? Although theyve never met before, the man used very casual phrases to enclose their relationship. This is a usual way to show friendliness to strangers in similar entertaining places. The social distance. The social distance between speaker and hearer is one of the factors that determine politeness behaviors. The notion of social distance refers to the consideration of the roles people are taking in relation to one another in a particular situation as well as how well they know each other, which means the degree of intimacy between interlocutors. However, there are still some exceptions. For example, people often use family names to call their close friends, and when these people speak to each other, they will use direct offer or request. But sometimes they use very formal expressions in their speech. Look at the following example. Ex 2: Husband to his wife: Would you be so kind as to hand the bread over to me? Surely we know that the wife has just quarreled with the husband and the husband is trying to amuse her in a certain way. The cultural differences. Different culture causes different views of values, which affects the criteria of politeness and leads to differences in various aspects. +Ways to greet each others and farewells. + Ways to address terms. + Ways to praise others. + Ways to express thanksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Directness and indirectness Directness and indirectness are basic form of expression, which are universal in all languages and culture. Directness is a style of communication in which speaker want to get the straight forward to the points. The speech interprets exactly and literally what the speaker said. The power of directness is the hearer does not have to look for what the speaker might have mean by uttering such and such sentence. Everything in their interaction is expressed explicitly. Misunderstanding hardly occurs. Indirectness is any communicative behavior, verbal or nonverbal that conveys something more than or different from what it literally means. In order to protect privacy, to minimize the imposition on the hearer and to avoid the risk of losing face, there is a preference for indirectness on the part of the speaker to smooth the conversational interaction. For example when conveying the pragmatic meaning I want you to do it, the English make special effort to diminish and soften their imposition and show their respect for other peoples privacy. An illustration of this is when someone says can you pass the salt? Here, they are not asking about your ability to pass the salt the literal meaning of the sentence but requesting you to pass the salt. This is very common in service encounters where can is often used to refer to something other than ability or permission. There are many socio-cultural factors affecting the directness or indirectness of utterances. Nguyen (1998) (as cited in Nguyen, T. M. P, p.13) proposes 12 factors that, in his view, may affect the choice of directness and indirectness in communication: 1. Age: the old tend to be more indirect than the young. 2. Sex: females prefer indirect expression. 3. Residence: the rural population tends to use more indirectness than the urban. 4. Mood: while angry, people tend to use more indirectness. 5. Occupation: those who study social sciences tend to use more indirectness than those who study natural sciences. 6. Personality: the extroverted tend to use more directness than the introverted. 7. Topic: while referring to a sensitive topic, a taboo, people usually opt for indirectness. 8. Place: when at home, people tend to use more directness than when they are elsewhere. 9. Communication environment/setting: when in an informal climate, people tend to express themselves in a direct way. 10. Social distance: those who have closer relations tend to talk in a more direct way. 11. Time pressure: when in a hurry, people are likely to use direct expressions. 12. Position: when in a superior position, people tend to use more directness to their inferiors. These factors help to determine the strategies as well as the number of semantic formulae used when speakers perform the act of refusing. Comparison of refusal strategies in America and Vietnamese Basing on the data collected from Nguyen, T. L (2010), I will focus on three situations in which American and Vietnamese refuse the invitations from inviters who have higher, equal and lower status than theirs respectively. (1), (2), (3), (4) means position of the utterance is presented. When the invitee is at a lower status. The components which are typically found in Americans way of refusals when the invitee is at a lower status are (1) Gratitude/appreciation + (2) Excuse/reasons/explanation + (3) Positive opinion. For example, when a student declines a professors invitation of having lunch with his/her family, he/she might answer as following: Thank you. I have already eaten. Its so nice of you to ask. [(1) Gratitude + (2) Reason + (3) Positive opinion] 2. Thank you but I just had lunch. [(1) Gratitude + (2) Reason] 3. I just ate at the Indian restaurant down the street and I got a little indigestion, thank you though. [(1) Reason + (2) Gratitude] Vietnamese native speakers tend to use the formula: (1) Thank you + (2) Addressing term + (3) Offer for alternatives or a promise for future acceptance. For example: Cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £m Æ ¡n già ¡o sÆ °, Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ khi khà ¡c em sà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ½ dà ¹ng bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a cà ¹ng gia Ä‘Ã ¬nh thà ¡Ã‚ ºy à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡. (Thank you, professor. I will join with your family next time.) [(1) Gratitude + (2) Addressing term + (3) Promise for future acceptance] 2. Cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £m Æ ¡n già ¡o sÆ °, mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i thà ¡Ã‚ ºy và   gia Ä‘Ã ¬nh cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ © dà ¹ng bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± nhià ªn à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡. (Thank you, professor. Be yourself with you family.) [(1) Gratitude + (2) Addressing term + (3) Alternaitves] 3. Em cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £m Æ ¡n thà ¡Ã‚ ºy, thà ¡Ã‚ ºy dà ¹ng bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± nhià ªn, em ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i uà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng nÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc trà   Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £i thà ¡Ã‚ ºy cÃ…Â ©ng Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡. (Thank you, professor. Be yourself. I will drink some tea to wait for you.) [(1) Gratitude + (2) Addressing term + (3) Alternatives] According to the results above, both American and Vietnamese use expression of gratitude/appreciation in their refusals; However, gratitude maybe in different orders (either at the beginning or at the end of the utterance). One noticeable difference occurs in this component of refusal is that Vietnamese prefer offering a promise in the future to maintain the relationship between the professor and the student. Vietnamese speakers are somehow less likely to give a straightforward respond to decline the professors invitation. In contrast, Americans often say directly the reason why they cannot accept the invitation by saying I have eaten or I just had lunch. Besides, Americans only use their popular addressing term you and I while Vietnamese tend to use many addressing terms such as Professor or Mr. in the conversation between the professor and the students. When the invitee is at an equal status. The second case involves the speaker refusing an inviter who has equal position with him/her. When refusing a classmates invitation, American normally use this formula: (1) Regret/excuse + (2) Offer of alternatives or a promise for the future acceptance. For instance: Im really sorry. I have another commitment. I am generally available. Can we set it up for another time? [(1) Regret + (2) Reason + (3) Offer an alternative] 2. What a pity. I already have plans. Please let me know the next time you go and I would love to come along. [(1) Regret + (2) Reason + (3) Promise for future acceptance] Meanwhile Vietnamese semantic formula is (1) A promise for the future acceptance/ an offer of alternative + (2) reasons as following: Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ là ¡Ã‚ ºn sau nhà ©, là ¡Ã‚ ºn nà  y mà ¬nh bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t rà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i. Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"ng à ½ chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©? (Perhaps next time, Im busy now. All right?) [(1) Promise for the future acceptance + (2) Reason] 2. Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a khà ¡c Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c khà ´ng? Hà ´m nay mà ¬nh mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯c hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c rà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i. (Can we set it up for another time? I have to study today.) [(1) An offer of alternative + (2) Reason] These examples show that both Americans and Vietnamese rarely say no directly to their friends even though they are in equal status. Mostly, Americans use regret like Im sorry/what a pity to start their refusal. This style is culturally and socially important and appropriate in America. In contrast, Vietnamese may feel that it is less necessary to express their regret due to the familiarity and close social distance. It reflects traditional thinking of Vietnamese that in close relationship, people should be open, friendly and informal with each other. Although both two groups tend to use the excuse and reason to soften their refusal, there is slightly different in the order between Americans and Vietnamese. Whereas Vietnamese people offer alternatives or promise for the future acceptance before giving their excuse as a way to reduce threatening face of inviter, Americans use excuse first and follow other alternatives in the future. When the invitee is at an upper status. In the last situation, the speaker, who is at a high social status, declines an invitation to go to the spa with the staff. American speakers refuse this kind of invitation by saying patterns like (1) regret + (2) reason/excuse/explanation. For example: Sorry, Ive made plans. [(1) Regret + (2) Reason (subjective reason)] 2. That sounds lovely. But I have far too much to work right now. Thank for inviting me. [(1) Positive opinion + (2) Reason (subjective reason) + (3) Gratitude] Vietnameses responses are more complicated and detailed. The usual formula is (1) Gratitude + (2) Reason Cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £m Æ ¡n cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­u nhÆ °ng mà ¬nh khà ´ng Ä‘i Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c. Mà ¬nh khà ´ng muà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn cà ¡c nhà ¢n vià ªn khà ¡c hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™u nhà ¡Ã‚ ºm. Thà ´ng cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £m cho mà ¬nh nhà ©. (Thanks, but I cant go with you. Im afraid to be misunderstood by other staffs. Sympathize with me!) [(1) Gratitude + (2) Reason (objective reason) + (3) Sympathy) 2. Cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £m Æ ¡n cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­u rà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t nhià ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ u nhÆ °ng cuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tuà ¡Ã‚ ºn nà  y mà ¬nh phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i tham dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± Ä‘Ã ¡m cÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi cà ¡Ã‚ »a Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©a bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡n mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t rà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i. (Thank you so much but Im going to attend one of my friends wedding at the weekend.) [(1) Gratitude + (2) Reason (objective reason)] Once again, regrets are favored by Americans when refusing an invitation. Vietnamese, however, produce many thanks as gratitude first and state reasons later. In this case, although Vietnamese bosses are at higher status than invitees, most of them say thank you to their staff in order to appreciate their staffs good will. There is a striking difference between American and Vietnamese speakers when giving reasons for their refusals. Americans often give their subjective reasons like Im so busy, Ive made my plan to inform the inviter that they cant go. Because one of American culture values is to respect individual freedom. Therefore, if the invitees give their own personal reasons, the inviter will accept their refusals and are not curious about real reasons anymore. Meanwhile, Vietnamese tend to use objective reasons to soften the face threatening act of the refusals. Conclusion America and Vietnam are two countries with different linguistic and cultural features. However, in cross-culture linguistic, beside the differences due to socio-norm dissimilarities these two countries still have something in common. When taking strategies in refusing an invitation into consideration, we can find out main similarities and differences as following: Similarities: When refusing an invitation, American and Vietnamese speakers usually use indirect strategy with most communicating partners. Both of them avoid saying no directly to their interlocutors whether they are at high, low or equal status. The common tendency is that Americans and Vietnamese give a variety of reason to avoid losing their inviters faces. Differences: Americans produce much more expression of regrets and reasons to refuse invitations. Typically, regrets often follow reasons in an utterance of refusals. Americans tend to give their subjective reasons in most cases. Vietnamese counterparts are fond of offering alternatives or a promise for acceptance in the future to make the inviter feel released. They also try to give the interlocutors the objective reasons to soften the face threatening act. Teaching implications The results of this thesis demonstrate that refusing in general and refusing an invitation to be specific is a complex task because it requires the high level of communicative competence. In order to avoid pragmatic failure, speakers need to understand fully both socio-cultural strategies used by most native speakers and the rules for their appropriate implementation. Therefore, I have some following teaching recommendations for L2 teachers: Prepare authentic materials for learners because learning a second language also means learning a second culture. Students should have a chance to get familiar with materials that are closely related to the daily activities of the country of the language they are learning. Teach language forms and functions parallel and contextually in both formal and informal situations in order to develop the learners sociolinguistic ability in an L2. Encourage students to perform different speech acts in an L2 in different situations of social status, social distance, and with reference to the gender relation between the speakers and interlocutors. Organize activities that students can have chances to communicate with both native and non-native speakers of English.

Child Abuse in A Child Called It by Dave Pelzer Essay -- A Child Calle

In American society today we fail to address several issues that need to be addressed. Unfortunately, child abuse is one of the major issues that our country is plagued with, yet we neglect to bring this to the attention of the entire nation. It is often over looked because everyone has a different view of what exactly defines child abuse. The International Child Abuse Network (ICAN) uses four basis categories to docunment the child abuse cases. They are: emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. I will be describing the first three. Emotional Abuse, (also known as: Verbal abuse, mental abuse, and psychological cruelty) includes acts or the failures to act by parents or caretakers that have caused or could cause serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental disorders. This can include parents and/or caretakers using extreme or bizarre forms of punishment, such as the child being confined in a closet or dark room, being tied to a chair for long periods of time, or threatening or terrorizing a young mind. Less severe acts, but no less damaging is overly negative criticism or rejecting treatment, using degrading terms to describe the child, constant victimizing or blaming the child for situations. Neglect (the failure to provide for the child?s basic needs) can be physical, educational, or emotional. Physical neglect can include not providing adequate food, clothing, appropriate medical care, supervision, or proper weather protection (heating or coats) to the child. Educational neglect can include failure to provide appropriate schooling or special educational needs, allowing excessive truancies, to the child. Psychological neglect is the lack of any emotional support and love, never attending to the child, spousal abuse, or drug and alcohol abuse including allowing the child to participate in drug and alcohol use. Physical abuse is to cause or inflict physical injury upon the child. This may include, burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating, or otherwise harming a child. The parent or caretaker may claim not to have intended to hurt the child, that the injury was an accident. It may have however, been the result of over-disciplines or physical punishment that is inappropriate to the child?s age. In 1998 NCANDS (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System) calculated the Fatalities by Maltreatment, Child Abuse... ... Year Published:  2004 3. The Child Welfare League of America. (1999). State Child Welfare Agency Survey. US Bureau of the Census; ?Estimates of the population of state by age, sex, race & Hispanic origin: 1990 to 1999;? published 12/29/99 Administration for Children and Families Fact Sheets and Publications Table of Contents: Child Maltreatment 2000 Chapter 5 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The World Wide Web Virtual Library: The Men's Issues Page  Ã‚   Child Abuse and Neglect Statistics from the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse April, 1994 and 1995 Number of Child Abuse and Neglect Reports Nationwide  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American Association for Protecting Children (AAPC). (1988) Highlights of Official Child Neglect and Abuse Reporting, 1986. Denver, CO.: American Humane Association.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ogintz, E. The Littlest Victim. Chicago Tribune, Thursday, October 6, 1988.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sedlak, A. (1990) Technical Amendments to the Study Findings--National Incidence and Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect: 1988. Rockville, MD: Westat, Inc.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wiese, D. and Daro, D. (1995) Current Trends in Child Abuse Reporting and Fatalities: The Results of the 1994 Annual Fifty State Survey. Chicago, IL.: NCPCA. Child Abuse in A Child Called It by Dave Pelzer Essay -- A Child Calle In American society today we fail to address several issues that need to be addressed. Unfortunately, child abuse is one of the major issues that our country is plagued with, yet we neglect to bring this to the attention of the entire nation. It is often over looked because everyone has a different view of what exactly defines child abuse. The International Child Abuse Network (ICAN) uses four basis categories to docunment the child abuse cases. They are: emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. I will be describing the first three. Emotional Abuse, (also known as: Verbal abuse, mental abuse, and psychological cruelty) includes acts or the failures to act by parents or caretakers that have caused or could cause serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental disorders. This can include parents and/or caretakers using extreme or bizarre forms of punishment, such as the child being confined in a closet or dark room, being tied to a chair for long periods of time, or threatening or terrorizing a young mind. Less severe acts, but no less damaging is overly negative criticism or rejecting treatment, using degrading terms to describe the child, constant victimizing or blaming the child for situations. Neglect (the failure to provide for the child?s basic needs) can be physical, educational, or emotional. Physical neglect can include not providing adequate food, clothing, appropriate medical care, supervision, or proper weather protection (heating or coats) to the child. Educational neglect can include failure to provide appropriate schooling or special educational needs, allowing excessive truancies, to the child. Psychological neglect is the lack of any emotional support and love, never attending to the child, spousal abuse, or drug and alcohol abuse including allowing the child to participate in drug and alcohol use. Physical abuse is to cause or inflict physical injury upon the child. This may include, burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating, or otherwise harming a child. The parent or caretaker may claim not to have intended to hurt the child, that the injury was an accident. It may have however, been the result of over-disciplines or physical punishment that is inappropriate to the child?s age. In 1998 NCANDS (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System) calculated the Fatalities by Maltreatment, Child Abuse... ... Year Published:  2004 3. The Child Welfare League of America. (1999). State Child Welfare Agency Survey. US Bureau of the Census; ?Estimates of the population of state by age, sex, race & Hispanic origin: 1990 to 1999;? published 12/29/99 Administration for Children and Families Fact Sheets and Publications Table of Contents: Child Maltreatment 2000 Chapter 5 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The World Wide Web Virtual Library: The Men's Issues Page  Ã‚   Child Abuse and Neglect Statistics from the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse April, 1994 and 1995 Number of Child Abuse and Neglect Reports Nationwide  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American Association for Protecting Children (AAPC). (1988) Highlights of Official Child Neglect and Abuse Reporting, 1986. Denver, CO.: American Humane Association.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ogintz, E. The Littlest Victim. Chicago Tribune, Thursday, October 6, 1988.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sedlak, A. (1990) Technical Amendments to the Study Findings--National Incidence and Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect: 1988. Rockville, MD: Westat, Inc.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wiese, D. and Daro, D. (1995) Current Trends in Child Abuse Reporting and Fatalities: The Results of the 1994 Annual Fifty State Survey. Chicago, IL.: NCPCA.